study design augmented experimental design an example of dataset representing an augmented design: https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/sommer/versions/3.2/topics/augment Federer, W.T. 1956. Augmented (or hoonuiaku) designs. Hawaiian Planters’ Record LV(2): 191–208) http://rna.genomics.purdue.edu/ augmented design is a kind of experimental design where the goal is to compare existing (control) treatments with new treatments that have an experimental constraint of "limited replication". To understand limited replication, consider about experiments that may only allow a single representation of the new treatment, this limitation may be many times due to the cost associated with the experiment, limited resources, or limited number of new units that can be used in the experiment. In contrast, the existing treatments are referred as checks and are generally replicated multiple times. With augmented design one can estimate the following: a) Differences between checks and new treatments, b) Differences among new treatments, c) Differences among check treatments, and d) Differences among new and check treatments combined. Philippe Rocca-Serra ready for release