treated with caused by in guideline Abnormality of the Skeletal System Osteonecrosis Bone Infarcts Aseptic Bone Necrosis No one is sure what causes the disease. Risk factors include: -- -- Long-term steroid treatment -- Alcohol abuse -- Joint injuries -- Having certain diseases, including arthritis and cancer -- Doctors use imaging tests and other tests to diagnose osteonecrosis. -- -- Treatments include medicines, using crutches, limiting activities that put weight on the affected joints, electrical stimulation and surgery. Ischemic Bone Necrosis Bone Necrosis http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0029445 Aseptic necrosis Osteochondronecrosis Bone Infarction Avascular Necrosis (AVN) A disease where there is cellular death (necrosis) of bone components due to interruption of the blood supply. Sufficient AVN Avascular Necrosis The interruption of the blood supply may have many different causes such as rapid growth, heredity causes, trauma or overuse, anatomic conformation, dietary imbalances or secondary effects of other diseases. SCDO:0000841 HP:0010885 Avascular Bone Necrosis Analgesic Quality of Life Related SCD Symptoms and Complications Vaso-Occlusion Surgery Recommendations for the Management of Sickle Cell Disease in South Africa National Guideline for the Control and Management of Sickle Cell Disease Management of Sickle Cell Disease - The United Republic of Tanzania Standards for Clinical Care of Adults with Sickle Cell Disease in the UK Sickle Cell Disease: The Clinical Care Guidelines of the Sickle Cell Unit Consensus Statement on the Care of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in Canada Sickle Cell Disease in Children, Standards and Guidelines for Clinic Care Evidence-Based Management of Sickle Cell Disease