<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://ontobee.org/ontology/view/SCO?iri=https://www.w3id.org/sco%23SCO_0000013"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
     xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl"
     xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
     xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
     xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
     xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"
     xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
     xmlns:obo="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/"
     xmlns:ns4="https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/"
     xmlns:sco="https://www.w3id.org/sco#"
     xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
     xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Annotation properties
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    <AnnotationProperty rdf:about="https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/maturity"/>
    <AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition"/>
    <AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym"/>
    <AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasRelatedSynonym"/>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Datatypes
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Object Properties
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000176 -->

    <ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000176">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">continuant part of</rdfs:label>
    </ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Classes
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 -->

    <Class rdf:about="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">material entity</rdfs:label>
    </Class>
    


    <!-- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002577 -->

    <Class rdf:about="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002577">
        <rdfs:label>system</rdfs:label>
    </Class>
    


    <!-- https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/MaturityLevel -->

    <Class rdf:about="https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/MaturityLevel"/>
    


    <!-- https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000013 -->

    <Class rdf:about="https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000013">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">system component</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="fr">composante de système</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">componente del sistema</rdfs:label>
        <equivalentClass>
            <Class>
                <intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040"/>
                    <Restriction>
                        <onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000176"/>
                        <someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002577"/>
                    </Restriction>
                </intersectionOf>
            </Class>
        </equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <Class>
                <intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040"/>
                    <Class>
                        <complementOf rdf:resource="https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000014"/>
                    </Class>
                </intersectionOf>
            </Class>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <disjointWith rdf:resource="https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000014"/>
        <skos:definition xml:lang="en">A material entity that belongs to a system.</skos:definition>
        <oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym>system variable</oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Despite minor differences, SCO representation of systems and related architecture and composition is compatible with that of the System Core Ontology (Calhau et al., 2024). The system Core Ontology centers on socio-techno systems, primarily pointing to an intention/goal-directed representation of these systems. SCO representation, instead, adopts a more neutral modeling approach for complex systems, seeking to account for a wider range of systems. SCO is also more compact than the system Core Ontology. This is, however, adequate for the current purposes of SCO. 

We envision employing the system Core Ontology as a starting point to extend SCO representation of system architecture, situations, properties, and functions. We also envision possible alignments and reciprocal implementations between these two ontologies.

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., &amp; Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, &amp; J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., &amp; Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">We envision discussions with subject matter experts regarding whether the current SCO representation of system-system component (and related environment) parthood is suitable or whether a proper parthood-based representation is more adequate. Insights for discussion may be found in Calhau et al. (2024) and Ubbiali et al. (2024).

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., &amp; Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, &amp; J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., &amp; Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr</rdfs:comment>
        <skos:definition xml:lang="fr">Une entité matérielle qui appartient à un système.</skos:definition>
        <skos:definition xml:lang="it">Un&#39;entità materiale che appartiene a un sistema.</skos:definition>
        <oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym>system element</oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym>
        <ns4:maturity rdf:resource="https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/Released"/>
    </Class>
    


    <!-- https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000014 -->

    <Class rdf:about="https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000014">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">system environment component</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="fr">composante de l&#39;environnement de système</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">componente dell&#39; ambiente del systema</rdfs:label>
    </Class>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Individuals
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/Released -->

    <ns4:MaturityLevel rdf:about="https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/Released">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en-us">released</rdfs:label>
    </ns4:MaturityLevel>
</rdf:RDF>



<!-- Generated by the OWL API (version 3.2.4.1806) http://owlapi.sourceforge.net -->



