indirect cellular response to ionising radiation non-targeted effects of ionising radiation NTE non-targeted effects non-targeted effects of ionising radiation Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation are characterised by cellular responses that occur in cells in which energy from ionizing radiation has not been deposited. The distinct classes of non-targeted effects include Genomic Instability, and Bystander effect which latter includes Abscopal effects and Bystander-mediated adaptive response. These can also arise non-clonally in the progeny of irradiated somatic or germ cells, resulting in radiation-induced genomic instability and transgenerational genomic instability respectively. (Kadhim M, Salomaa S, Wright E, et al. Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation--implications for low dose risk. Mutat Res. 2013;752(2):84-98. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.12.001) Paul Schofield ORCID: 0000-0002-5111-7263