has participant has result has context DNA damage DNA damage [Cell death] Drug-, radiation-induced, or spontaneous injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal double-helical conformation. These changes include structural distortions that interfere with replication and transcription, as well as point mutations that disrupt base pairs and exert damaging effects on future generations through changes in DNA sequence. If the damage is minor, it can often be repaired (DNA repair); extensive damage can induce apoptosis. This entity is a specific course-dependent process. This process can constitute the course of Cell death. positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability [Cell death] cell death (toxic course) p53 signaling (primitive) [Cell death] Osgin1 (rat)[Cell death] cell death dependent process