has part has part continuous with continuous with in taxon contributes to morphology of Mammalia stomach esophagus body of stomach cardia of stomach https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Illu_stomach.jpg gastric cardia NCIT:C12256 pars cardiaca (gaster) antrum cardiacum stomach cardiac region pars cardiaca gastricae The part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroeosphageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract[WP]. GAID:319 UMLS:C0007144 UBERON:0001162 cardiac region Wikipedia:Cardia cardiac orifice EMAPA:35811 FMA:14561 We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands. UBERON:0004712 cardiac antrum MA:0001609 SCTID:362138004 There were previously conflicting statements in the academic anatomy community[10][11][12] over whether the cardia is part of the stomach, part of the esophagus or a distinct entity. Modern surgical and medical textbooks have agreed that 'The gastric cardia is now clearly considered to be part of the stomach'[13][14]. Classical anatomy textbooks, and some other resources[15], describe the cardia as the first of 4 regions of the stomach. This makes sense histologically because the mucosa of the cardia is the same as that of the stomach[WP] MESH:D002299 cardial orifice BTO:0000198 cardial part of stomach cardiac gastric gland zone of stomach