purine nucleotide biosynthesis purine metabolism second messenger biosynthesis cyclic nucleotide biosynthesis 3',5'-cyclic di-GMP biosynthesis bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate biosynthesis c-di-GMP biosynthesis UPa:UPA00599 Biosynthesis of cyclic dinucleotide 3',5'-cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a purine nucleotide emerging as a novel global second messenger in bacteria. In many bacteria bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) signaling determines the timing and amplitude of complex biological processes from biofilm formation and virulence to photosynthesis. PMID:15063857 pathway PMID:16045609 PMID:15569936 cGpGp biosynthesis