induces immune profile synthetic vaccine adjuvant Th1/Th2 mixed immune profile VSA-1 vaccine adjuvant https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=31657920 41 Pengfei Wang Wolfgang Leitner VAC: https://vac.niaid.nih.gov/view?id=41 VSA-1 vaccine adjuvant https://violinet.org/vaxjo/vaxjo_detail.php?c_vaxjo_id=206 A vaccine adjuvant that is prepared by derivatizing a natural Momordica saponin in one chemical step. VSA-1 is chemically more stable than QS-21. VSA-1 is much less toxic than QS-21. The Momordica saponins are from sustainable sources and widely available. Pubmed References: Chemical Nature: (1) Synthetic derivative of natural compound Mechanism of Action: unknown Immune profile induced: mixed Th1/Th2 Other Features/Characteristics: (1) synthetic saponin with lower toxicity and higher stability than QS21 By routes: SQ Point of Contact: Pengfei Wang, University of Alabama https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=31657920 Oliver He