has function has role vaccinated in route immunizes against disease immunizes recipient cancer Homo sapiens therapeutic vaccine function vaccine in clinical trial role intradermal route therapeutic cancer vaccine whole cell cancer vaccine TGFβ2 antisense-GMCSF gene modified autologous tumor cell vaccine Jie Zheng A cancer vaccine made with GMCSF transgene that directly stimulates increased expression of tumor antigen(s) and enhances dendritic cell migration to the vaccination site. TGFβ2 blockade following intracellular TGFβ2 antisense gene expression reduces production of immune inhibiting activity at the vaccine site. This vaccine integrates enhancement of an anticancer immune response concurrently with a reduction in cancer-induced immune suppression. Autologous cancer cells are harvested from patients with advanced refractory cancer, and a TGFβ2 antisense / GMCSF expression vector plasmid is constructed. The autologous cancer tissue is irradiated and electrocorporated with the vector. NCT: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00684294 6357 VIOLIN: https://violinet.org/vaxquery/vaccine_detail.php?c_vaccine_id=6357 cancer vaccine Hayleigh Kahn