part_of part of part of has part has part has_part starts with starts with ends with ends with has primary output protein polypeptide chain translation protein biosynthesis biological_process GO:0006416 protein anabolism protein formation GO:0006453 GO:0043037 Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics) The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. protein translation GO:0006412 protein biosynthetic process protein synthesis translational initiation translational elongation translational termination biosynthetic process gene expression cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process peptide biosynthetic process cellular protein metabolic process