part_of part of part of has part has part has_part develops_from develops from retinal cone cell retinal rod cell retinal ganglion cell Arthropoda retina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png VHOG:0000229 AAO:0010352 EHDAA2:0001627 XAO:0000009 NCIT:C12343 MBA:304325711 EFO:0000832 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1862 MAT:0000142 NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1156 Wikipedia:Retina CALOHA:TS-0865 tunica interna of eyeball GAID:755 Netzhaut UBERON:0000966 MIAA:0000142 The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] UMLS:C1278894 retinal SCTID:181171005 retina of camera-type eye TAO:0000152 inner layer of eyeball retinas EHDAA:4757 EV:0100348 The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. ZFA:0000152 UMLS:C0035298 Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods BTO:0001175 MESH:D012160 EMAPA:17168 uberon FMA:58301 MA:0000276 BIRNLEX:1153 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA BAMS:R The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] posterior segment of eyeball optic cup ectoderm-derived structure photoreceptor array chorioretinal region